It's a way of ensuring that some piece of data data didn't get mangled (or intentionally altered) from its original form, or that data adheres to an expected format (like a VIN or CC number). Checksums exist everywhere-credit card numbers, bar codes, computer network protocols, cryptography, you name it. Without getting super nerdy (OK, maybe a little), it's a checksum digit. After all other characters in VIN have been de- termined by the manufacturer, the check digit shall be calculated by car- rying out the mathematical computa- tion specified in paragraphs (c) (1) through (4) of this section. This section shall be the check digit whose purpose is to provide a means for verifying the accu- racy of any VIN transcription. (c) The third section shall consist of one character, which occupies position nine (9) in the VIN.
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